Similarities and Differences between layer 3 switches and routers

Similarities between a router and a layer 3 switch.

In essence they both perform packet switching.
They both use routing protocols and static routes to reach destinations which are not directly connected
They both follow the same process meaning:
They receive a frame, strip off the layer 2 header
They perform a layer 3 lookup to find the outbound interface and next hop information
They encapsulate the packet into a new layer 2 frame and transmit the packet.


Differences between a router and a layer 3 switch.

A router connects heterogeneous environments where as a layer 3 switch is usually used in homogeneous environments.
A router uses multi purpose hardware to switch packets, where as a layer 3 switch uses specialised hardware (ASCI) to switch packets.
Because a router uses multi purpose  hardware it is usually slower then a layer 3 switch.
Because a layer 3 switch uses specialised hardware it is generally common to see the switch catering for  only Ethernet environments, where as a router because it primarily supports heterogeneous environments it is common to see a router equip with different line cards e.g. frame relay, isdn, atm, etc to support hetrogenious enviroment.
Adding new features to a router can be done by just upgrading the software, which is not the case in a layer 3 switching environment.

Differences between SVI and a routed port.

One of the primary difference is a routed port do not have any layer 2 protocols enabled such as STP and DTP
A routed port has a direct co-relation between its interface status, meaning if a link is down , the routed port will be down also.
Where as an SVI (meaning a vlan interface) is dependant on the ports associated with its vlan, if there are 3 ports in a vlan, an SVI interface will still  be up even if 2 out of the 3 ports are down.

A layer 3 switch can do 3 additional things compared to a router.
It can switch within vlan
It can switch between vlans (inter vlan routing)
It can switch between a vlan and a routed port (no switch port)



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